Business Marketing Management Business Management

Amanda Gross Ms. Jessica Madinger Comp 101 C 9 November 2015 Business Marketing Management Outline Business has several majors to seek, such as: Accounting, Economics, Administration, Marketing, International business, Entrepreneurship, and lastly Management. A business degree has many of opportunities. This paper is going to specifically focus on Management which you can get a minor in marketing, which would be called marketing management. Management has several classes to can take, and several of careers to pursue. Those classes are similar to other professions; Marketing and Administration which have similar classes to take. Business Management was essentially created around 7200 B.C., the Ubaidians, of Sumer created the first†¦show more content†¦There are many of tasks that are used daily in business management. Such as, coordinating and being involved in promotional activities. To improve product or services direct or help with marketing ideas. Evaluate financial aspects, to improve customer satisfactions. Conduct a list to describe product and service offerings. Direct hiring by training and watching future employees performances to help them know what to do when they enter the field, so they can help improve services. Communicate with vendors to improve distribution. Also they analyze date, make crucial business decisions and supervise a single department. There are many of skills that are required in business management. Skills, such as: active learning, active listening, critical thinking, reading comprehension social perceptiveness, speaking, judgment and decision making, monitoring, persuasion and lastly complex problem solving (Job and Career Accelerator). There are also many abilities that are required to be mastered before pursuing a career in management. These abilities consist of oral comprehension, oral expression, written comprehension, deductive reasoning, written expression, fluency of

How Does Steinbeck Present the Character of Curleys Wife Free Essays

How does Steinbeck present the character of Curleys Wife? In this essay I am going to be assessing the character Curleys Wife from Steinbeck’s book Of Mice And Men. The book is set in the 1930s during the Great Depression it features two farm workers called George and Lennie. The travel around together in search of work sharing a dream of a place of their own, a small ranch where they can live and work for themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Steinbeck Present the Character of Curleys Wife or any similar topic only for you Order Now It tells the story of how violence may erupt to destroy those dreams. Curleys wife is a character in the book who from the brief encounters with her is presented in two ways. Firstly the dangerous, flirtatious character who isn’t trusted by the rest of the ranch workers but then later one we realize how she is just a victim of loneliness with her being the only girl on the ranch and how she too has an incomplete American Dream to pursue an acting career. Curleys wife is a very important character and is heavily involved in the outcome of the story when George ends up shooting Lennie however there is the question of her innocence. Before we meet Curleys wife, Steinbeck deliberately gives us a first impression of her to let us know their honest views on her with Candy and Georges conversation. Candy starts by saying â€Å"Wait’ll you see Curleys wife. †, this makes us anticipated of her and gives us an expectation of what is going to be said about her. During the conversation the only positive thing said was that she was â€Å"purty†. She is portrayed as being flirty and not satisfied with her husband when Candy claims â€Å"Married two weeks and got the eye? Maybe that’s why Curleys pants is full of ants. † This makes the reader think because if they were newlywed they should be on their honeymoon period however one is overly flirtatious and the metaphor â€Å"pants is full of ants† shows the others paranoid over her, this gives us the sense something’s not right with their relationship. Steinbeck exaggerates the use of the phrase â€Å"the eye† to mirror the fact she repeatedly flirts with the men in search of attention. Steinbeck describes her negatively when he refers to her as a â€Å"tart† when Candy says â€Å"well i think Curleys married†¦ a tart†, the ellipsis shows Candy’s unsure whether he should refer to her in such an insulting manner but he chooses to anyway. The conversation prejudices Curleys wife before we even meet her and the fact George thinks she will be trouble prepares the reader for future events. Steinbeck uses his description of Curleys wife carefully to give us a certain first impression on her before finding out more about her. The escription starts with â€Å"the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off†, the light being cut off could be foreshadowing her being the obstacle that would eventually ruin George and Lennies hopes and dreams. Steinbeck then calls her a â€Å"girl† rather than a woman implying her youth and vulnerability, he continues keeps her unnamed to uphold the prejudice women faced in the 1930’s and to s how the oppressive misogyny posed against her and how she is only seen through her relation to Curley and is ultimately a possession of his, unworthy of a unique identity. Steinbeck also claims she was â€Å"looking in† showing her as an outsider who doesn’t really fit in and when she does look in, it’s to see something she hopes to have in the future, friendship. When Steinbeck starts to describe her appearance he starts with â€Å"she had full rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made up† this makes us realise she hides her face with makeup showing her self-consciousness and gives the impression she is trying to look older however it’s not working by her previously being referred to as a â€Å"girl†. Steinbeck repeats the word red when he says â€Å"her fingernails were red† and then â€Å"red ostrich feathers†, the noun red has many meanings for example, love but it also means danger and stop. This could again be showing signs of what the future could hold for her and how her desire for love becomes a great danger when leading to her death. Her facial features are a great contrast to her â€Å"nasal, brittle† voice that implies she’s about to break. Curleys wife is provocative with her body language as she is described to have â€Å"put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward† and â€Å"she looked at her fingernails†, she is very conscious of the affect she has on men and uses this to her advantage however her inappropriate clothes and her behavior I think are designed to provoke interest and attention rather than to invite intimacy, we later learn this is because of her loneliness in her marriage to Curley. Her loneliness is clear by her constant asking of the whereabouts of Curley proving she is just looking for an excuse to continue her conversation with the ranch workers. The perceptions we make of Curley’s wife are corrupted from the views of the ranch hands. Because sexuality is her only weapon she is referred to by George as ‘jailbait’ and ‘ a tart’ ‘Jesus what a tramp. ‘ George has reason to be weary of her presence especially with Lenny around and the incident in Weed. Listen to me you crazy bastard†¦ Don’t you even look at that bitch. He is concerned about Lennie safety because he knows he won’t be able to resist her. The next time Steinbeck presents Curleys wife is in her conversation with Lennie, Candy and Crooks. In this extract we see how Curleys wife clearly enjoys having power over others and because she is the only girl on the ranch she is prone to discrimination by being made to feel like one of Curleys pos sessions. We first get this impression when she refers to them as â€Å" a bunch of bindle stiffs – a nigger an’ a dum-dum and a lousy ol’ sheep†, Curleys wife wouldn’t dare say these insults to anyone else but she would to these three men purely because one is older, one is mentally challenged and the other is a black man who in the 1930’s faced larger discrimination than girls. However her vulnerability is still shown when she asks â€Å"whatta ya think I am, a kid? †. The use of this rhetorical question makes us remember how she doesn’t want to be thought of as a little kid linking Back to when Steinbeck repeatedly called her a â€Å"girl† rather than a woman giving us the impression that even she realises how lowly she is thought of in the ranch so Steinbeck makes her speak â€Å"contemptuously† to show how she thinks they are beneath her. This scene adds to making the reader dislike her and see her as the downfall of the men in the story. Steinbeck lets us learn more about Curleys wife in the final scene before her death. Here we learn that she too has her own dream just like all the other men on the ranch, her dream was to become a movie star in Hollywood and here we also see a completely different side to her initial flirtatious character we originally meet. Curleys wife’s naivety is demonstrable in her approach and attitude towards her dream. â€Å"I coulda made something of myself† she refuses to accept that her dream had a very little chance of coming true, when she says â€Å"maybe I will yet† she uses her dream as an escape from her loveless marriage and pitiful life; she is deluded that her dream will be realised and clings to the hope of a better life. Curleys wife also blames others for the breakdown of her dream, especially her mother, â€Å"My ol’ lady wouldn’t let me†¦. if I’d went I wouldn’t be livin’ like this you bet† she is using her mother as a scapegoat for the failure of her dream, and her current situation. Therefore by marrying Curley, she has managed to escape her mother who she feels is responsible for preventing her from achieving her dream of being a movie star. â€Å"an I coulda sat in them big hotels†, Curleys wife’s dream revolves on what could have been, she yearns for luxuries and attention,. Like the men she desires friendship, but her dream is more materialistic; she seeks the attention she feels she deserves. When Curleys wife is telling Lennie about her dream, Steinbeck states that â€Å"Her words tumbled out in passion of communication as though she hurried before her listener could be taken away† This links to her desperation for someone to talk to and how she yearns for some sort of interaction. Curleys wife dream makes her more vulnerable and human. Steinbeck recreates this impression by portraying her innocence in death. Steinbeck uses very specific language when describing how Curleys wife was murdered by Lennie. In this extract we see how she underestimated Lennie’s great strength and this is proven when she says â€Å"Jus’ like a big baby†, we as readers know he is capable of murder and we know he is anything but a big baby adding to the tension. Steinbeck does give us a moment of hope when he remembers his Aunt Clara who he has occasionally forgotten, this gives us hope that he will remember Georges warnings on Curleys wife but this isn’t the case. Curleys wife invites Lennie to feel her hair after hearing about his love of stroking soft things and she soon realises her mistake when she goes â€Å"Don’t you muss it up† and when Lennie refuses to let go she cries â€Å"let go† â€Å"you let go† the use of these short sentences lets us realise her panic. Steinbeck declares how she â€Å"writhed to be free† this could really mean how she ached to be free of the ranch and of Curley. Then when he adds how â€Å"her hoarse cry came out† it creates a major contrast to when she wasn’t heard by the men and when her voice is needed the most she is being stifled. He even mentions how her â€Å"eyes were wild with terror†, they aren’t being described with being heavily made up. When Curleys wife is killed Steinbeck ensures the readers sympathy for Lennie is maintained. The reader sees the killing as an inevitable consequence of Lennie’s bear-like strength and Curleys wife’s desire for attention. The use of the simile â€Å"and he shook her and her body flopped like a fish† creates an unsympathetic image, further emphasised with the alliterative â€Å"f†, as we tend not to feel sorry for dying fish in the way we may for a different animal. The sympathy the reader may feel for Curleys wife is weakened with â€Å"and she was still, for Lennie had broken her neck† as this seems harsh. This tone reminds the reader that Lennie would not have wanted to break her neck it was just something that happened so, even though he has committed a terrible act, the reader does not fully blame Lennie. The repetition of the natural imagery, including the clear link to the animalistic imagery when Curleys hand was crushed as he â€Å"flopped like a fish on a line†, both links Curley and his wife as the enemy, but also reminds the reader of Lennie’s early description as a bear, reiterated with his â€Å"paw†-like hands throughout the novel. Because of this, it seems clear that this was both inevitable and natural as bears do kill fish, and Steinbeck could be highlighting the predatory nature of the world; it could also suggest that Steinbeck was trying to show the constancy of the natural world and Lennie is just another victim in this world. However when Curleys wife is dead Steinbeck seems to show her the respect she deserves as his description of Curleys wife after her death is evidently more complimentary than previous occasions. He starts by saying â€Å"The meanness and the planning and the discontent and the aches for attention was all gone from her face† this straight away lets us realise that only from her death we see the other side to her, the side that was unhappy with her marriage and her life, her incomplete dream and the constant craving for a companion and all this because of her death simply disappears. Steinbeck also uses words such as â€Å"sweet and young† to project Curleys wife more positively as a pretty, young woman, free of all mean qualities. This contrasts to the other times he referred to her as a â€Å"girl† because this time he is reflecting her purity rather than her childlike features. When he says â€Å"Now her rouged lips and her reddened cheeks made her seem alive and sleeping very lightly† it shows us what her life could have been like if she were to have completed it to its full potential. The way Steinbeck portrays her now is a lot more poetic showing his respect. In my conclusion I think Steinbeck manages to portray two sides to Curleys Wife in the book Of Mice and Men. The first side is the misunderstood girl who isn’t trusted and her need for company and a friend is mistaken for a flirtatious troublemaker. However at the end of the novel Steinbeck makes her intentions clear and shares her dream of becoming a Hollywood movie star giving the readers the chance to see the vulnerable side of her, the one that shows her as not wanting but needing somebody to talk to. The need for such things is what caused her death. Lennie was keeping her company and she needed this so much that she was willing to let him harm her, and in this case kill her. Steinbeck also shows her differently in death as well. He gives Curleys wife respect and describes her as being beautiful and majorly contrasts the provocative way he did beforehand. How to cite How Does Steinbeck Present the Character of Curleys Wife, Essay examples

Introduction to Business Law Comprehend the Transaction

Question: Describe about the Introduction to Business Law for Comprehend the Transaction. Answer: 1: The three causes of action on which the respondents had relied upon were: (i) that the bargain was unconscionable; (ii) That the transaction has been procured as a result of undue influence; (iii) and the transaction has been induced as a result of a misrepresentation or due to the reason of the concealment of facts regarding which a duty was present on the bank to disclose. However, these contentions of Mr. and Mrs. Amadio were rejected by the learned primary judge who believed that on the basis of the facts that the bank was aware of, the bargain between the parties was an ordinary one, that was created in the usual and regular course of commerce and the bank was not aware of any inequality of bargaining power. Moreover, the primary judge also stated that there was no evidence regarding undue influence or any misrepresentation or concealment on part of the bank or Vincenzo Amadio. The result was that Mr. and Mrs. Amadio raised these issues to challenge the mortgage guarantee tha t they have signed. 2: The three conclusions of the appeal court while reversing the decision of the trial judge after examining the facts of this case. Therefore these three inferences were:- (i) The bank had an obligation to reveal the noteworthy additions to Mr. and Mrs. Amadio however in this case, this obligation was not fulfilled by the bank. At the same time, the other conclusion on the basis of which the decision of the trial judge was reversed by the appeal court was that (ii) The bank can be held accountable for the representation that has been made by the son of the respondents, Vincenzo Amadio. The 3rd inference that was made by the appeal court in this case was that (iii) under the circumstances, the transaction between the parties can be termed as unconscionable. The result is that it can be said that in view of the nature of the transaction, equity demands that really should be provided to the other party, in this case Mr. and Mrs. Amadio. 3: While delivering his judgment in this case, Gibbs J. arrived at the conclusion that the company controlled by the son of respondents, Vincenzo Amadio was facing financial problems and the company had crossed its overdraft limit. Moreover the cheques issued by the company were also being regularly dishonored, the circumstances alone cannot be considered as being sufficient for imposing a duty on the part of the bank which requires the bank to disclose these facts to any potential surety. In this regard, Gibbs J. stated that when the contract that has been created between the bank and one of its customers is unusual in nature, there is a duty on the part of the bank according to which such a disclosure should have been made to the potential surety. Therefore, Gibbs J. was of the opinion that there was a duty of disclosure present on the bank as there was a special arrangement between the bank and its customer, Vincenzo Amadio. Moreover, on the basis of the nature of the arrangement, it can be said that generally a surety will not expect the presence of an arrangement of such a nature. Therefore this duty to disclose these circumstances to the potential surety has been imposed on the bank as a special arrangement has been concluded between the bank and his customer and normally, a probable surety will not expect the presence of such an arrangement. In this case, Gibbs J. noted the fact that special reasons were present for the bank to maintain a tolerant attitude towards the company owned by Vincenzo Amadio. Not only the bank highly valued its connection with Vincenzo due to the reason that he was a significant client but also in view of the business that Vincenzo brought and also on account of the fact that his company was engaged in building houses with a company that was the subsidiary of the bank. Therefore the company built the houses at cost plus 10 percent which only covered the administrative charges and the intention was that any profit on the sale of the buildings has to be shared between the subsidiary of the bank and another company that was controlled by Vincenzo Amadio. However, the bank realized that it can allow no longer the account of the company of Vincenzo to be conducted as before. Therefore the bank decided that further operations should be stopped on the overdraft accounts and it was to be treated as a fully drawn advance account. All the cheques that were drawn on the account had to be dishonored. Therefore the company had to open the second account and this account was kept in credit. 4: In this case, there were two facts on account of which Gibbs J. stated that the relevant circumstances need to be disclosed to the respondents, Mr. and Mrs. Amadio by the bank. The firs relevant circumstance in this regard that was noted by Gibbs J. was the fact that the bank had a special arrangement with its customer, Vincenzo Amadio. The bank treated Vincenzo as a special customer as he brought a lot of business to the bank from other parties, apart from his own business. Under these circumstances, there was an arrangement present between the bank and the company owned by Vincenzo Amadio according to which, it was decided that the bank will provide an overdraft limit of $270,000 to Amadio Builders immediately. However there was a condition attached to this arrangement. According to this condition, the overdraft limit was going to be reduced to $230,000 by the bank within a week. Similarly after a fortnight, the bank was going to further reduce the limit to $180,000. The result was that according to this arrangement, in a period of 3 weeks, the bank was going to reduce the overdraft limit less than the debit balance. Consequently, the court stated that the failure to disclose the circumstances to the respondents can be treated as misrepresentation. Hence, in view of these sects, Gibbs J. arrived at the conclusion that in this case, the bank had a duty to make the relevant disclosures to the respondents. 5: in this question, the ratio due to which Gibbs J. ruled in favor of Mr. and Mrs. Amadio needs to be discussed. Therefore in this case, the ratio behind the decision that was delivered in this case by Gibbs J. was that the bank had a duty to disclose the relevant facts to the elderly couple but the bank had failed in its duty to disclose the relevant circumstances to Amadio couple. The result was that Gibbs J. arrived at the conclusion that the appeal should not succeed. Hence the legal issue on account of which, Gibbs J. had arrived at the decision was related with the failure by the bank to disclosure when circumstances to the elderly couple. 6: The ratio behind Mason Js judgment was different from the issue adopted by Deane J. although Mason J. had confirmed the detailed statement related with the facts of this case made by Deane J and in the same way, Mason J. had also confirmed the conclusion that was made by Deane J. according to which in this case, according to the facts, relief needs to be granted to the respondents. The ratio adopted by Mason J. was not the same as that of Deane J. due to the reason that Mason J. believed that the bank can be held responsible for unconscionable conduct. At the same time, it was also the opinion of Mason J. that in this case the conduct of the bank was unconscionable when it had obtained the guarantee from the elderly couple. 7: A difference existed between the ratio of Mason J. and the ratio on the basis of which Gibbs J. had arrived at this conclusion. The difference between these two was present due to the reason that in case of Mason J., the emphasis was on the fact that even if the doctrines that dealt with unconscionable dealings and the equitable doctrines regarding the undue influence have a connection in common but still these two are not the same. Considering the difference that is present in these two, generally where the court is going to provide relief to a party to the contract on account of unconscionable dealings, the court considers the fact if proper consideration was supplied by the stronger party to the contract. But there can be certain instances where the stronger party may have provided adequate consideration still the court will look into as being unjust or unfair, in view of the disability that was present on part of the other party. Consequently, this ratio adopted by Mason J. wa s different from that of Gibbs J. who was of the opinion that the failure of the bank to reveal all the relevant circumstances to Mr. and Mrs. Amadio amounted to misrepresentation. 8: in this case, Mason J. had identified three ways in which it can be said that a gross inequality of bargaining power existed between the respondents and the bank. These facts can be described as follows:- There was a lack of ability among Mr. and Mrs. Amadio to determine if the transaction was in their best interest or not, especially due to the reason that they were particularly motivated by the wish to help their son, whom they believe to be doing very well otherwise. In this case, the respondents were dependent on their son for advice who had asked his parents to enter the transaction of mortgage contract for the purpose of serving his own interest. In this case the respondents, Mr. and Mrs. Amadio were immigrants from Italy and they were in advance years of age. Moreover, they have very little knowledge of written English and similarly there experience of business matters was also very insignificant. 9: A difference was present when the two judges explained the legal issues of unconscionable conduct and undue influence. Therefore in their judgments, both these judges stated that a difference is present between undue influence and unconscionability although a connection is also present between the two as these two doctrines are doctrines of equity. Consequently, both the judges pointed out towards the legal differences that existed between these two terms. According to them, when the matter is based on an influence, the court has to consider the quality of consent that has been provided by the weaker party. However when a party has alleged unconscionable conduct, the court reasoned that the requirement to consider the conduct of the stronger party for the purpose of enforcing or retaining the benefit received by such party due to dealing with the other party that has been facing a particular disability. 10: The ratio on the basis of which, Deane J. had arrived on his decision in favor of the elderly couple can be described as follows. He noted the fact that clear evidence was present in this case according to which the respondents required to advise to understand the nature/effect of the deal that they were going to create. Similarly, this fact was also noted by Deane J. that the advice provided to the elderly couples should have included the advice concerning the importance of the surety to discover the state of account of the person concerning which the surety is going to provide a surety and the surety should also be aware of the fact that any unusual features were present, regarding the account. On these grounds, Deane J. arrived at the conclusion that if this information would be given to the respondents, they would have refused to enter the mortgage contract. In the opinion of Deane J., the transaction between the respondents and the bank needs to be considered in view of the special disability on part of Mr. and Mrs. Amadio and also the fact that this disability was quite clear to the bank. 11: In this case, Dawson J. had given a dissenting judgment. He was of the opinion that the respondents, Mr. and Mrs. Amadio relied on their son's misrepresentation and as a result, the bank had not made this misrepresentation but now, he said that the respondents want that responsibility should be shared by the bank even if the misrepresentation was only made by Vincenzo Amadio. Under these circumstances, Dawson J. was of the opinion that in this case, it is not suggested by the circumstances that the respondents have been misled when they have entered into the mortgage contract with the bank. Similarly, Dawson J. also pointed out towards the fact in his decision that the relationship that existed between the respondents and their son can be treated as a valid reason due to which the respondents have entered into the transaction, especially as they wanted to help their son. Dawson J. also mentioned in his dissenting judgment that for the purpose of applying equitable jurisdiction, i t is required that a party to the contract should have exploited the other party on the grounds of its disadvantages position and consequently, it can be claimed that the party that has received the benefit under the contract should not be allowed to retain such a benefit in good conscious. Hence, it was the opinion of Dawson J. that in the present case, there are no grounds due to which it can be said that the respondents, Mr. and Mrs. Amadio were in any disadvantages position and any benefit has been taken by the Bank of such a position. Similarly, Dawson J. also mentioned in his judgment that the facts like the advanced age of the respondents cannot be treated as an infirmity. Similarly he pointed out that the fact that the respondents have limited knowledge of English cannot be said to be establishing any difficulty for the respondents to comprehend the transaction. He also said that it has not been established in this case that the respondents depended on the bank to provide them with proper advice. References Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio [1983] HCA 14

History of Indigenous Australians before the arrival of the First Fleet

In the late 18th century, Australia is said to have had a population of about three hundred thousand aborigines whose lifestyle was mostly that of a nomad. The aborigines are also rumored to have been in the continent for close to over ten thousand years.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Indigenous Australians before the arrival of the First Fleet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aboriginals occupied most areas of the Australian continent and they had a number of languages and had a wide range of lifestyles and traditions which formed clans amongst them. These clans were regarded as highly sophisticated (considering the time in which they existed) and this made them quite attached to their land. The Aboriginals seemed to have simple yet comfortable lives which were free of diseases and conflicts. They had simple governing structures that enabled them to co-exist peacefully. They really seemed t o have no knowledge of any existence of any other world outside that which they lived in. The Aborigines later on came to discover that they were not the only people living in the world when they started doing barter trade with Asians and oceanic mariners (Jupp, 2001). At first it is rumored that the aborigines were reluctant to do business with unfamiliar people for they were a reserved lot. However, they slowly opened up upon discovering that they were also benefitting from the goods they were getting from the Asian and oceanic mariners. Some of this commodities included salt, glass, and ivory which is said to be used in decorations. They also got beads which their women turned into jewelry (Bosworth, 1998). The aborigines’ way of life was viewed to be somewhat dim by the first Europeans who set foot in their land. They were termed as a group of people who did not have any fixed form of civilization. This was engineered by the fact that they still slept in caves which they kept warm by having bonfires in them for two reasons; to keep warm and also provide light in the dark and sometimes the fire was used as a defense mechanism to keep wild animals away. Invasion into the Aboriginals land seems to have started in the later years of the eighteenth century probably in the seventeen eighties. England was the first to claim the lands of the Aboriginal people and this was a strategy to make the French and the Spanish governments from taking it. The English decided to form some sort of fleets so as to sail all the way to the Aboriginal lands which is now referred to as Australia. The sailing crew was to comprise of a group of convicts who were deemed as social outcasts probably because of the nature of crimes they had committed (Henningham, 2004).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This new adventure was not an easy one and it took quite some time to organ ize and the first fleet set sail after the eighth month. Among the fleet were officers, women, and children who did not know what to expect in the new world. It also included some administrators who would be in charge of the new colony and some London Slum criminals who had been kicked out of the society (Bosworth, 1998). The discovery of New Holland’s east coast was made by Captain Cook. Cook renamed the coast to New South Wales. He sailed all over and had his allegiance to the British government and so he went and reported to them that he thought it was a good place to settle (Clyne, 1991). The British government however did not recognize the land as being that which belonged to the Aboriginals. This was due to the fact that the Aboriginals did not seem to have had any form of civilization going on in terms of agriculture and also structures. The British thought it was a good plan that came at a fundamental time when they needed to decongest their cities due to a rise in cr ime in the urban world. They purposed to stop sending criminals in their jails and decided that the only way to deal with the overcrowding issue was to send away the convicts/criminals to the new land that was discovered by Captain Cook, which they referred to as a Penal colony. Their idea was to make sure that once the convicts got there they would never return to Britain ever again. The British resolved to sending them away and made sure that they had enough supplies to last them until they became self reliant. Some of the convicts died along the way and never got to their destination; those who made it referred to the Aboriginal land as the ‘Land beyond the seas’ (Bosworth, 1998). When they docked at the harbor they discovered that the land was not suitable for settlement probably because they were judging with where they had come from. They all decided that it was appropriate to move north because they lacked fresh water in the south. Others reasons that contributed to the migration to the north were; the soil was not good enough for agricultural purposes, they were to near the sea and it was quite open and this seemed to pose a big security risk to their ships (Jupp, 2001). They however had a hard time starting off due to the fact that most convicts did not know how to farm; they all had to survive on rationed food before they could figure out what to do. The Aboriginal people were scared of the new people and did not want to go anywhere near them or associate with them in any way. They referred to them as Indians. It is said that some convicts also escaped and tried to blend in with the Aboriginal people but were rejected. Some also dared to escape and were trying to get to China under rumors that it was not far off and that there were also other settlements nearby only to discover that it was not so. Upon returning back they were severely punished though most of them died in this pursuit and never made it back (Jupp, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Indigenous Australians before the arrival of the First Fleet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Aboriginal people survived on some local wild fruits and fish for their survival; however the new settlers found few of the foods there to be a delicacy. They are said to have been terrible fishermen and they had to rely on the shipment that was being sent to them by the British government from Britain. This lack of food made the new settlers come up with new survival ideas which now included eating rats, dogs, crow, kangaroos and even emu. This they used as an addition to the normal food rations they were receiving from the British government. Upon settling in this new foreign land, they had to start their lives all over again. They did not have sufficient building materials and they all seemed to have overlooked the aspect of clothing and shelter. The trees in Australia were eno rmous and lack of steady working tools made it very difficult for the new settlers to make any progress in terms of housing. By the time the second fleet was docking on the shores of Aboriginals land, both the convicts and the administrators were all dressed in tatters. From the time the Europeans arrived in the Aboriginal land, the aboriginal people were denied the independence they had embraced and now they had to make peace with the fact that they were not the only race that existed in the world. They were somewhat depressed and viewed the British as a race that came in with strange diseases and was really inconsiderate of the people who they found where they came to live. The colonialists however believed that this was a â€Å"no man’s land† that was probably discovered accidentally by Captain Cook who named Australia. The Aboriginals had a different lifestyle, that of a nomad. They would stay in one area for a period of six to eight weeks and then would move on to a more fertile land while their previous land was left to recollect the lost nutrients (Castles et al. 1992). One of the things that are quite clear is that when the ships were docking on the shores of the aboriginal land, they were lined along the shores shouting and yelling in protest as a way to show they were not welcoming the new inhabitants of their land. Tales handed down through generations prove that at the time, about a hundred and sixty men and women were transported to Australia to begin a new life there. Later on other immigrants started flowing there freely and joined the convicts to cohabit with them (Castles et al. 1992). This was as a result of the emerging opportunities that were cropping up.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of these reasons were the mining industries, wool industries and the gold rush of the eighteen fifties. Australia quickly became a land of opportunity and new money was being created in agribusiness, mining and trade. As all this was happening, the Aboriginal people who were indeed the rightful owners of the land continued to suffer severely through deaths, diseases, forceful internal displacements and death of their traditions (Clyne, 1991). The new administrators who formed a new government to govern the new nation were on the track of creating something unique. They were also very keen to side step the causes of the old war. They dreamt of a unified Australia that was conflict free with a progressive mindset (Jupp, 2001). They had the citizens’ interests at heart, they wanted to conduct polls through the famous secret ballot and democracy was to take centre stage. They were so keen to prove their independence that they decided to pass the Immigration Restriction Act i n the early twentieth century. This in turn negated the migration of Europeans so as to avoid overpopulation of the newly formed state. Despite all these changes, the Aboriginals had purposed to fight for their land. In the mid twentieth century, the Aboriginal people had formed a political party to look into this issue. Their issues are said to have been in place for over two hundred years. They purposed to keep on with the struggle and they seemed to have made some progress in some key areas of land and the social aspects on life. One of the main causes of the struggles was the fact that the commonwealth act of early nineteen hundreds excluded the Aboriginals as citizens of Australia. They therefore held a parallel rally claiming that the White Australians were contravening what they claimed to stand for in terms of progressive civilization and human rights advancements. In the mid twentieth century, the Aboriginals’ hardships had not ceased and their push for equality had not died down (Jupp, 2001). This made them push even more for a fair treatment. The government did not seem to care about the Aboriginal struggles. This seemed quite evident when the Australian government, ran by whites, decided to separate the Aboriginals from their children and took them to missionary schools in total disregard of the parents consent. When they got to theses mission, schools they were issued with new names and were subjected to harsh living conditions. They were subjected to a lifestyle they were not familiar with, which was referred to as the White man’s way (Clyne, 1991). This was in a bid to make them forget their cultures and conform to the new white European lifestyle. They were then known as the ‘stolen generations’. The Aboriginal people made some great strides in the nineteen sixties but most of them claim that though this was a good thing, the changes were not rolled out fast enough to accommodate the Aboriginal people and make them fe el at home in their own land. A protection policy came into place and seemed to prove that the cultures and beliefs of the Aboriginal people were barbaric and outdated and needed some sharpening from the western world. They were however accommodated into government facilities and churches. Even though they seemed to have some form of independence, they were restricted from performing any traditional activities and they were also required to have the company of a white man when they were travelling out of government facilities (Commonwealth of Australia 1994). One the main fights the Aboriginal people had been putting forward was the fight for equality, more so that of lands equality. This was perceived to have been a forward step when the Whitlam government created an Aboriginal Affairs Department and later put up Royal Commission which gave ownership of land to the Aboriginal people in the mid nineteen eighties. A breakthrough however popped up when the High Court of Australia appr oved the native title and this was a sense of satisfaction to the aboriginal people. This struggle has been significant in creation of economic security. It is quite evident that the struggle by the Aboriginal people has been through a lot and it still is in a current part of reconciliation. After a century, the Australian government was termed as the country of luck (Commonwealth of Australia 1994). This however was not well received by the Aboriginals who were still fighting for equality then. The Aboriginals have gone ahead to form two groups which they figure will represent their struggle for their rights. This however proved futile as the government did not recognize these two groups. The government did not protect and conserve the traditional ways of the Aboriginal people. Instead it went on to destroy and discourage them. Despite all the suffering, the Aboriginal people tried to see the English King and push for a seat in the Australian House of Representatives. This was yet to take form. In the late nineteen thirties, the Aboriginal people held a crusade as a way of protest to show their dissatisfaction with the White Australians and told them off about their civilization and human rights policies, and how they came and took their land and they have refused to recognize them as equal partners in the nation of Australia. There was however no response from the White Austrian government. Cultural safety is a unique tool brought forward by Madeline Dion Stout who is the past president of the Aboriginal Nurses Association and Bernice Downey who is the former Chief Executive Officer of the National Aboriginal Health Organization. They have come up with unique ways to blend in the struggle for the Aboriginal community and health in terms of nursing. They have advocated for the cultural safety concept that includes both nurses and the natives. This kind of knowledge came in handy considering that nursing professionals were only equipped with knowledge which se emed to have been handed down to them by the Aboriginal people. They have been able to scrutinize the assumptions and stereotypes related to the Aboriginal people and in turn shaped the nurses views. After the scrutiny, their potential in the nursing field is accentuated. Other key figures who have played major roles in creating awareness of the Aboriginal people and their struggles are Annette J Browne and Colleen Varcoe who have facilitated the ability of nurses to provide quality and sufficient health care (Henningham, 2004). Since the arrival of the first fleet, it has been a tremendous yet difficult journey for the Aboriginal people who indeed were the native inhabitants of the now called Australia. Their struggle for equality still continues and might not be as rampant as it was but someday they will get to where they ought to be and where they truly deserve to be. Hopefully someday they will cease being a minority group to equal citizens of the New Australia. List of Referenc es Bosworth, M. 1998, Australian lives: A History of clothing, food and domestic technology. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson. Castles, S., Cope, B., Kalantzis, M. and Morrissey, M. 1992, Mistaken Identity: multiculturalism and the demise of nationalism in Australia, 3rd ed. Sydney: Pluto Press. Clyne, M. 1991, â€Å"Monolinguism, Multilinguism and the Australian Nation†. In Australian National Identity. C.A: Price. Commonwealth of Australia.1994, Defending Australia: Defense White Paper. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. Henningham, J. 2004, Institutions in Australian society. UK: Oxford University Press. Jupp, J. 2001, The Australian people: An encyclopedia of the nation, its people and their origins. UK: Cambridge University Press. This research paper on History of Indigenous Australians before the arrival of the First Fleet was written and submitted by user Chace F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Phillips Surname Meaning and Family History

Phillips Surname Meaning and Family History Phillips is a patronymic surname meaning son of Phillip. The given name Phillip comes from the Greek name Philippos which means friend of horses, composed of the elements philos, meaning friend and hippos, or horse. Surname Origin:  Welsh Alternate Surname Spellings:  PHILIPS, PHILLIP, PHILIP Famous People With the Surname Phillips Elizabeth J. (Magie) Phillips - American inventor whose The Landlords Game (patented in 1904) was the precursor to Parker Brothers MonopolyAlban William Phillips - New Zealand economist known for the Phillips Curve, a relation between inflation and unemployment. Where Is the Phillips Surname Most Common? The Phillips surname, according to surname distribution information from  Forebears, is the 819th most common surname in the world, and is especially prevalent in Wales (where it ranks 17th), the United States (46th), England (50th), New Zealand (48th) and Australia (56th). WorldNames PublicProfiler  data also has the Phillips surname as being especially common in Wales, particularly in the western half of the country. It is also common throughout England, as well as New Zealand, Australia, the United States, and Canada. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Phillips 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Phillips  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Phillips  family crest or coat of arms for the Phillips surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Phillips  DNA ProjectThis very active DNA project brings together individuals with the Phillips surname interested in combining DNA testing with traditional genealogy research to help identify Phillips ancestors. Phillips Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Phillips ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Phillips ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.   FamilySearch - Phillips GenealogyExplore over 9.6 million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Phillips surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Phillips Surname Mailing ListA free mailing list for researchers of the Phillips surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages. GeneaNet - Phillips  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Phillips surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Phillips  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Phillips surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry.com: Phillips SurnameExplore over 14  million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Phillips surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Decision Making using Critical Thinking Assignment

Decision Making using Critical Thinking - Assignment Example The inhabitants of the country are an ethnic mix of indigenous South Pacific tribes, Asians particularly Chinese, African, French, Spanish and Americans. In designing the strategies for the company, it must take into consideration the different culture, beliefs and values of the residents of Kava. While most of these people are known coffee drinkers, the tastes and preferences might vary. Another challenge which the company faces is the threat of disasters which often confront the people of Kava. This phenomenon greatly impacts on the economy of Kava, which in turn affects the buying behavior and purchasing power of the people of Kava. Buying specialized coffee might not be one of their priorities if they hardly have food to eat on their table. However, there also presents an opportunity for the company for the untapped â€Å"foreign† or expat market whose income are barely affected by the disasters that are experienced by the people of Kava. Finding the right mix of people to be employed by the company is another issue that besets the company. Being an employee for the company means forging a partnership with the organization. It is therefore imperative that the people to be hired by the organization must share the same mission and vision as what the company holds. They should be willing to learn and grow with the company. Building a profitable organization in Kava means having to work harmoniously with the government. The company must be ready to help support the different communities in Kava. The organization must be ready to create partnerships with other organizations to improve the lives of the people of Kava. There several forces involved in the formulation of the problem. Specifically, the problem on hand is about establishing a greater presence in Kava. One of the forces involved in the formulation of the problem is the leadership of Chris. One is

A) what are the main attractions of an import substitution strategy Essay

A) what are the main attractions of an import substitution strategy B)how do you explain that several developing countries have not suceeded to deepen the proc - Essay Example Proponents favour the export of industrial goods over primary products. The strategy may be adopted as a matter of economic policy and to attain industrialisation. In such context, Wikipedia (2006) said: â€Å"Import substitution industrialization (also called ISI) is a trade and economic policy based on the premise that a developing country should attempt to substitute products which it imports, mostly finished goods, with locally produced substitutes. The theory is similar to that of mercantilism in that it promotes high exports and minimal imports to increase national wealth.† It further said, the policy has three major tenets: (1) an active industrial policy to subsidize and orchestrate production of strategic substitutes, (2) protective barriers to trade (namely, tariffs), and (3) a monetary policy that keeps the domestic currency overvalued. Hence import substitution policies are not favoured by advocates of absolute free trade. The failure of several developing countries of not having succeeded to deepen the process of import substitution into its second and third phase could be attributed to the defect of the strategy as determined by results. The experiences of several developing countries are thus cited below to explain the failure. We will start with the Latin American countries, followed by East Asia and then we will discuss the cases of Malaysia and the Philippines. Wikipedia (2006) said: â€Å"Import substitution policies were adopted by most nations in Latin America in the 1930s and 1940s because of the Great Depression of the 1930s. In the 1950s the Argentine economist and UNECLA head Raà ºl Prebisch was a visible proponent of the idea. Prebisch believed that developing countries needed to create forward linkages domestically, and could only succeed by creating the industries that used the primary products